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Located in Buenos Aires - Argentina
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History of Buenos Aires from 1536 to the vacation rental apartment days.
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Although a large expedition landed in present-day BA in 1536, it wasn't until 1580 that the area was successfully re-established by Juan de Garay. It remained a backwater for the next 200 years, clearly subordinate to the Spanish city of Asunción (now Paraguay's capital), further up the Paraná river. However, mercantile restrictions imposed from Asunción fuelled local frustration as BA began to prosper on the back of trade in feral cattle and horses. Contraband smugglers were trading successfully with Portuguese and British vessels and in 1776 Bs As became the capital of the new Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, acknowledgment that the region had outgrown Spain's political and economic domination.
Continuing dissatisfaction with Spanish interference led to the revolution of 25 May 1810 and eventual independence in 1816. Independence revealed the seething regional disparities that Spanish rule had obscured. The Federalists of the interior (conservative landowners, supported by the gauchos and rural working class) advocated provincial autonomy, while the Unitarists (cosmopolitan city dwellers) upheld Bs As' central authority.
After a disastrous and tyrannical period of rule by the Federalist Juan Manuel Rosas, Bs As and Unitarism prevailed, ushering in a new era of growth and prosperity with the Unitarist constitution of 1853. European immigration, foreign investment and trade were hallmarks of the new liberalism. However, excessive foreign interests made the economy particularly vulnerable to global recessions; wealth was ultra-concentrated, and unemployment rose as smallholdings failed and farmers were forced to leave the land and head for a capital ill-equipped to deal with the influx.
It was in this climate of substandard employment and living conditions that labour militancy grew, reaching boiling point in 1919 when striking workers were brutally suppressed by the military during La Semana Trágica (The Tragic Week). This set an unfortunate precedent for the coming decades.
Ambitious municipal projects during the 1930s transformed the face of the downtown area with a sprawling grid of wide avenues running through the heart of the city. Colonial-era streets vanished as Bs As sought to stamp its air of European sophistication on South American tradition. Following WWII, Gran (Greater) Bs As began to absorb surrounding suburbs, and the weight of its growth spawned problems with decaying infrastructure and public services, the spread of shantytowns, and rises in unemployment and inflation.
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